DAFANA, T. [212]
Visited by P and J Spencer on 6 Dec 1999. Only two higher areas remain, rising 4-5 metres above the plain, consisting of the remaining brickwork of the Psamtik citadel. The site is isolated in the desert but the plentiful sherd cover described by Petrie is no longer evident. The profile of the higher parts of the mound, which contains the eroded mud brick of the citadel of Psamtik I and the remains of Petrie’s dump, the latter being a red-coloured mound with a shelter for the guard on top, is very similar to that of Petrie's day. All around on the flat desert are surface lines of buried walls and there is clearly much archaeological deposit remaining in the levelled areas. Very few sherds are visible on the surface owing to the drifting of the desert sand. The isolation of the site means that it is not under immediate threat from land development, although a large new complex of unknown purpose has been constructed some distance to the north. Access notes
The route to Tell Defenna is accessed from the main Port-Said to Ismailiya road, by turning onto the road for Salhiya at a junction situated just south of the new high level bridge being constructed over the Suez canal near El-Qantara. This good quality asphalt road [route 405] is followed for about 5 km and then a turning taken to the right onto an unpaved road. After a further 4 -5 km this road arrives at a bridge over the canal on the left, but the route to Tell Defenna requires remaining on the right of the canal past the bridge and then taking a track over the desert to the Tell, which can be seen in the distance.Photographs: Patricia & Jeffrey Spencer ![]()
![]()
Bibliography
(With thanks to François Leclère for permission to use material collected in his thesis)
Aimé-Giron, N., “Adversaria Semitica (III). Baal Saphon et les dieux de Tahpanhès dans un nouveau papyrus phénicien”, ASAE 40, 1941, 433-460.
Austin, Greece and Egypt, 20.
Boardman, Les Grecs outre-mer, 161-164.
Bonnet, C., “Typhon et Baal Saphon”, Studia Phoenica V, Phoenicia and the East Mediterranean rn the First Millennium B.C., OLA 22, 1987, 101-143.
Braun, T.F.R.G., “The Expansion of the Greek World. VIIIth to Vlth Century B.C.”, CAH, Ill/3, 1982, 44.
Calderini, II/2, 93.
Chuvin, P., Yoyotte, J., “Documents relatifs au culte pélusien de Zeus Casios”, RA, 1986, 41-63. Clédat,J., “Notes sur l'isthme de Suez”, BIFAO 23, 1924, 40-41.
Cook, R.M., “Amasis and the Greeks in Egypt,” JHS 57, 1937, 227-237.
Erichsen, W., Eine neue demotische Erzählung, Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse, Mayence, 1956, 49-81.
Fontaine, A.L., “Daphnae”, BSEHGIS 1, 1947, 1948, 41-57.
Gauthier, Dictionnaire Géographique, VI, 73- 74.
Greville J. Chester, B.A., “A Journey to the Biblical Sites in Lower Egypt, PEFQS, July 1880, 145-146.
Jones, R.N., Hammond, P.C., Johnson, D.J., Piema, Z.T., “A second Nabataean Inscription from Tell esh-Shuqafiya, Egypt,” BASOR 269, Feb. 1988, 47-57.
Leclère, F., "An Egyptian Temple at Tell Dafana?", in Egyptian Archaeology 30 (Spring 2007), 14-17.
Lloyd, A.B., Herodotus. Book Il, I, 17; Il, 95; III, 137.
Mallet, D., Les premiers établissements des Grecs en égypte (VIle et VIe siècles), MIFAO 12, 1893, 54- 70.
De Meulenaere, H., Herodotos, 33-36.
----, “Daphne”, LÄ I, col. 990.
Montet, P., Géographie, I, 191-192.
Oren, E.D., “Migdol: a New Fortress on the Edge of the Eastern Nile Delta”, BASOR 256, 1984, 7-44.
Petrie, W.M.F., Tanis Il- Nebesheh (Am) and Defenneh (Tahpanhes), London, 1888, 47-96, pl 22-47.
----, Ten Years' Digging in Egypt. 1881-1891, London, 1893, 50-63.
----, Seventy Years in Archaeology, London, 1931, 68-71.
PM IV , 7.
Quaegebeur, J., “Les rois saites amateurs de vin”, AS 21, 1990, 241-271.
Sethe, K., “Daphnae”, RE IV, col 2135.
Spiegelberg, W., “X. Thachpanches = Daphnae”. Ägyptologische Randglossen zum alten Testament, Leipzig, 1904, 38-43.
----, “Zu dem alttestamentlichen Namen der Stadt Daphne”, ZÄS 65, 1930, 59-60.
Timm, “Daphnae”, TAVO B 41/2, 551-555.
----, “Taphnas”, TAVO B 41/6, 2510-2514.